Parenting stress index psi pdf

A factor analysis with Chinese Hong Kong mothers replicated this structure. Parents of children in treatment for sexual behaviors displayed high levels of parenting stress total stress and child domain , with average scores in the 91st percentile.

PSI scores alone correctly classified See next section, 5, last paragraph. The PSI has been used in numerous studies of adolescent mothers. Factor analysis suggests a 3- factor solution best fit the data with Parent, Child, and Parent-Child Interaction factors. Parenting stress has been found to be related to observations of parenting behavior Chang et al.

Principal components analysis with a varimax rotation for a 2-factor solution replicating procedures used with the original sample did not result in a clean solution, and a 3-factor solution was identified based on the scree test and interpretability of the factors. A subsample of mothers with children with a physical or mental handicap was compared to the remaining mothers. They had higher scores on all domains and subscales except Sense of Competence and Attachment.

The first sample included mothers of children with mental retardation, autism, Down Syndrome, and also physically abusive mothers. This sample was considered to have high levels of stress. The second sample was recruited from the community. All mothers spoke Cantonese. The results suggest good internal consistency for domain scores. Internal consistency ranged from good to poor for subscales. Reliabilities were as follows: Child Domain.

PSI scores differentiated between high-stress and low-stress groups categorized on the basis of responses to statements regarding stress from child care. Exploratory principal components factor analysis with a varimax rotation identified 2 factors with a structure similar to that found in Abidin Chan assessed 50 identified abusive mothers and 37 community sample nonabusive mothers of similar demographic and socioeconomic background. Both samples were recruited in Hong Kong.

They also had statistically higher scores on the Acceptability, Mood, Reinforces Parent, and Attachment subscales. PSI scores correctly classified The psychometrics of the French-Canadian version of the PSI have also been studied in numerous studies.

They found an increase in correct classification when the subscales of Adaptability, Hyperactivity, and Competence were included into the analysis. Sensitivity using total scores was Sensitivity and Specificy reported above are from a study using the French-Canadian version of the PSI and examine the Sensitivity and Specificity of the total PSI score in discriminating abusive from nonabusive mothers.

While there are norms for Spanish speakers, it should be noted that the norms were developed with an East Coast sample. Norms for other Spanish-speaking groups, e. Pilot testing during development consisted of a group of mothers of children younger than 3 years of age who brought their children to the well-child clinic of a private pediatric group in Charlottesville, Va.

Widely used. Psychometrically sound, reliable and validated across a range of populations. Normative data available. Translated into multiple languages. Sensitive to change resulting from treatment. The concept of parenting stress is one that is important for families who have experienced traumatic events. Parenting stress may be an important target for traumafocused interventions. The measure is face valid and in mandated samples as with other measures , many parents score low even when they have high levels of stress.

The measure is long. It yields important and good information, but it does present a burden to participants. Some researchers who have attempted to use the Spanish version of the measure with low-income samples have found that participants often have a hard time understanding specific items. The problem appears to stem from the use of double negatives, which may be harder to process in the Spanish language. The reference for the manual is: Abidin, R.

The manual lists over studies that have used the PSI. Below is a sampling of those articles: 1. Parenting Stress Index — manual. Charlottesville, Virginia: Pediatric Psychology Press.

Acton, R. Preliminary results of aggresssion management training for aggressive parents. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 7 3 , Bagner, D. Father involvement in parent training: When does it matter? Barkley, R. Development of a multimethod clinical protocol for assessing stimulant drug response in children with attention deficit disorder. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 17 1 , Benzies, K. Parenting stress, marital quality, and child behavior problems at age 7 years. Public Health Nursing, 21 2 , Bigras, M.

Discriminant validity of the parent and child scales of the Parenting Stress Index. Early Education and Development, 7 2 , Calam, R. Maternal expressed emotion, attributions and depression and entry into therapy for children with behaviour problems. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 41 2 , Chan, Y. Parenting stress and social support of mothers who physically abuse their children in Hong Kong. Child Abuse and Neglect, 18 3 , Chang, Y.

Understanding parenting stress among low-income, African-American first-time mothers. Early Education and Development, 15 3 , Federal Research Designations. Your Support Matters Body Your gift of Ability affects everything we do every day at Shirley Ryan AbilityLab — from the highest-quality clinical care and groundbreaking research to community programs that improve quality of life.

Give Now. Stories of support. Taking Authority Over Chronic Pain. For Patients Have any questions? Request Appointment. Find a Doctor Find a Location. Refer a Patient. Have a Question About Click for Content Navigation. AbilityLab menu. Last Updated May 07, Purpose The PSISF is a screening tool used to identify parents experiencing high stress due to their parenting role s. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 29 7 , Wolfe, R. Outcomes of parent education programs based on reevaluation counseling.

Other Related References 1. Parenting skills. New York: Human Sciences Press. Parenting Stress Index, Short Form. Overview Acronym:. Contact Information:. Domain Assessed:. Age Range:. Measure Type:. Measure Format:. Number of Items:.

Average Time to Complete min :. Reporter Type:. Average Time to Score min :. Response Format:. Materials Needed:. Sample Items:. Domains Scale Sample Items Defensive responding not available Total stress Parental distress not available Parent-child dysfunctional interaction not available Difficult child not available.

Information Provided:. Training to Administer:. Training to Interpret:. Parallel Forms:. Alternate Forms:. Different Age Forms:. Altered Version Forms:. Alternative Forms Description:. Notes on Psychometric Norms:. Clinical Cutoffs:. Clinical Cutoffs Description:. References for Reliability:.

References for Content Validity:. Construct Validity:. References for Construct Validity:. Criterion Validity:. Overall Psychometric Limitations:.

Translation Quality:. Spanish Yes Yes Yes Yes 2. Chinese Yes Yes Yes Yes 3. Portuguese Yes Yes Yes Yes 4. Finnish Yes Yes 5.

Japanese Yes Yes Yes Yes 6. Italian Yes Yes 7. Hebrew Yes Yes 8. Dutch Yes Yes 9. French Yes Yes Yes Yes Icelandic Yes Yes. Population Used for Measure Development:. From Abidin, Sample: mothers selected from a well-care pediatric practice in Virginia and mothers from the same practice. For Specific Population:. Use with Diverse Populations:. Developmental disability Yes 2.